Identification of Risk Factors and Mapping of HIV/AIDS Spread Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Based on Patient Medical Records at the Baubau City Regional General Hospital

Abstract

HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, particularly CD4 cells, which play a crucial role in defending against infection. This study aims to map the distribution of HIV/AIDS cases in the work area of BLUD Baubau City Hospital from 2024 to June 2025, considering regional characteristics, gender, age groups, and risk factors. The study employed an exploratory qualitative approach with a case study design, using patient medical record documentation analyzed with ArcGIS 10.8 Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The results indicated that HIV/AIDS cases were most prevalent in densely populated urban areas, such as Wolio and Betoambari Districts, classified as high-intensity zones. In terms of gender, men accounted for more cases (35) than women (24). Regarding age groups, most cases occurred among the productive age group (25–49 years), totaling 30 cases. Contributing risk factors included population density, socioeconomic activity, unsafe sexual behavior, and low awareness of early testing and use of protective measures. In conclusion, GIS-based mapping facilitates the identification of priority areas for intervention and supports data-driven decision-making for HIV/AIDS prevention strategies at the local level.