Formulation and Physical Testing of Seaweed-Based Liquid Bath Soap Preparations (Kappaphycus alvarezii)

Abstract

Background: Kappaphycus alvarezii is a red seaweed species commonly farmed along Indonesian shores because of its bioactive chemical constituents including alkaloids and flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannin along with saponins recognized for antibacterial activityactivity, in this case it has great potential as an active ingredient in skin care preparations. Objective: The research sought to design and assess liquid body soap based on Kappaphycus alvarezii. Methods: This study used four concentrations of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed: 0%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. The seaweed samples were processed by cleaning, blanching, soaking, and homogenizing the dried seaweed into a pulp using a blender. The samples were then formulated into a liquid body wash by mixing the active ingredients and additives through heating, mixing, and homogenization. Assessment involved organoleptic analysis, pH, homogeneity, stability, as well as foam stability, skin irritation assessment, and hedonic evaluation tests involving 12 panelists. Results: Research showed that all formulas met SNI physical standards, including pH, homogeneity, and foam stability. The 30% formula performed best in foam stability, panelists' preference for color, aroma, viscosity, and foam, and did not cause skin irritation. Conclusion: Thus, Kappaphycus alvarezii has potential as an active ingredient in safe and consumer-preferred liquid bath soap formulations.