Identification Of Saponins In Bay Leaf (Syzygium Polyanthum) Extract Using Thin Layer Chromatography Method

Abstract

Background: Plants are generally able to produce two types of compounds, namely primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites play an important role in the growth and development of plants, whereas secondary metabolites function more as protective compounds, attractants, or energy storage. Bay leaves are not only widely known as a food seasoning but are also believed to contain various active compounds that offer benefits, one of which is saponin. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the presence of saponin compounds in bay leaf extracts based on several eluents using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. Method: This experimental research aims to identify saponin compounds in salam leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) extract using thin-layer chromatography. Extraction was carried out by the maceration method using methanol and chloroform solvents to separate its components. The extraction process was performed using the maceration method with methanol and chloroform solvents. Results: phytochemical tests showed that the methanol extract of salam leaves tested positive for saponins. The Liebermann-Burchard test also produced a brown color or brown ring, indicating the presence of triterpenoid compounds. Furthermore, TLC analysis using methanol:chloroform eluents in ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 showed Rf values corresponding to saponin standards. However, the use of eluents with a 1:2 ratio did not yield proper spot separation, thus not supporting optimal saponin identification.