Determination of Calcium (Ca) Levels in Refilled Drinking Water in Baubau City

Abstract

Background: Water is indispensable for sustaining human life, serving not only as a basic biological requirement but also as a determinant of overall well-being. Among the minerals naturally present in water, calcium (Ca) is particularly significant due to its essential role in supporting growth as well as maintaining the strength of bones and teeth. Insufficient calcium intake may result in developmental problems, osteoporosis, and other related health issues, while an excessive amount can adversely affect kidney function. Objective: of this research is to measure the concentration of calcium (Ca) in refilled drinking water available in Baubau City and to assess whether it aligns with recognized water quality standards. Method: The study was conducted using the complexometric titration method. Water samples were collected from three areas with different topographical characteristics: coastal, lowland, and highland regions. Results: The analysis revealed that calcium levels in coastal areas were 5.48% or 54.8 mg/L, in lowland areas 4.96% or 49.6 mg/L, and in highland areas 1.86% or 18.60 mg/L. Based on comparisons with the standards established by SNI 01-0220-1987, the Indonesian Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (WHO), the calcium concentration in refilled drinking water across all surveyed areas remains below the recommended threshold of 75 mg/L. Conclusion: Refilled drinking water in Baubau City contains calcium levels within the safe range, making it suitable for community consumption without posing health risks related to excessive calcium intake.